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Jan Walraven


Jan Walraven est né à Amsterdam en 1827 et y a vécu et travaillé jusqu'en 1863. Il s'installe ensuite à Bruxelles. Il s'est surtout fait connaître comme peintre d'histoire et comme peintre de scènes de personnages avec des enfants. Pendant la période romantique, les gens aimaient voir les enfants représentés comme la personnification de vertus telles que la simplicité, la sincérité et le naturel. Ces peintures étaient particulièrement appréciées par les acheteurs bourgeois. Walraven préférait peindre des enfants paysans aux boucles brillantes et aux joues rouges, absorbés par des tâches simples et accompagnés par les petits animaux de la ferme.


Edward Bernays: Propaganda is the executive arm of the invisible government. https://wordsmith.social/protestation/quotes#quote5740


Quotes

  • Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
  • Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
  • George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
  • Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
  • Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
  • Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
  • Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
  • Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
  • George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
  • Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
  • James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
  • Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
  • Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
  • Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
  • Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
  • Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
  • Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
  • Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
  • Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
  • Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
  • Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
  • Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
  • Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
  • Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
  • Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
  • Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
  • Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
  • Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
  • Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
  • Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).





Hans Thoma


Hans Thoma, né le 2 octobre 1839 à Bernau en Forêt-Noire et mort le 7 novembre 1924 à Karlsruhe, est un peintre allemand.

D'abord réaliste, son style évolua à partir des années 1880 vers une forme de symbolisme magique et fantastique, puisant dans la renaissance allemande.

Après avoir commencé sa carrière en tant que décorateur d'horloges, Hans Thoma entre en 1859 à l'Académie de Karlsruhe, nouvellement construite, où il a notamment pour professeur Ludwig des Coudres.

Il travaille ensuite, dans les années 1860 à Düsseldorf.

À l'occasion d'un long séjour à Paris, il rencontre Gustave Courbet, qui eut une influence profonde sur son œuvre.

Puis, il partage sa carrière entre Munich et Francfort-sur-le-Main. Il fait partie, avec Wilhelm Trübner (1851-1917), du groupe de peintres de l'éphémère Cercle de Leibl formé après la guerre. Ils peignent ensemble des scènes de la vie rurale.

Il voyage en Italie à Merano et Florence. Il est de ces «romains d'Allemagne» qui trouvent dans l'observation de l'art de la Renaissance les moyens d'une expression contemporaine, qui compta beaucoup dans la genèse du symbolisme européen de la fin du siècle.

Il est proche de Louis Eysen dont il défend le travail après sa mort et peint en compagnie d'artistes à Kronberg im Taunus.

En 1914, il est l'un des signataires du Manifeste des 93.

Sa réputation et son talent sont bien établis après une exposition de 30 de ses toiles à Munich. En dépit de ses études, qui le mettent en contact avec les grands maîtres de l'époque, son style reste assez imperméable aux idées modernes. La peinture de Hans Thoma est davantage influencée par la jeunesse de l'artiste et sa région natale, où il juge la vie simple et idyllique, et par les premiers maîtres allemands, en particulier Albrecht Altdorfer et Lucas Cranach.

Ses paysages qui portent la marque de l'École de Barbizon et de l'impressionnisme naissant, s'en démarquent par leur teneur métaphysique.



Edward Bernays: A single factory, potentially capable of supplying a whole continent with its particular product, cannot afford to wait until the public asks for its product; it must maintain constant touch, through advertising and propaganda, with the vast public in order to assure itself the continuous demand which alone will make its costly plant profitable. https://wordsmith.social/protestation/quotes#quote5741


Quotes

  • Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
  • Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
  • George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
  • Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
  • Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
  • Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
  • Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
  • Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
  • George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
  • Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
  • James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
  • Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
  • Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
  • Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
  • Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
  • Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
  • Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
  • Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
  • Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
  • Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
  • Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
  • Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
  • Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
  • Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
  • Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
  • Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
  • Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
  • Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
  • Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
  • Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).




Edward Bernays: If we understand the mechanism and motives of the group mind, it is now possible to control and regiment the masses according to our will without them knowing it. https://wordsmith.social/protestation/quotes#quote5742


Quotes

  • Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
  • Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
  • George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
  • Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
  • Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
  • Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
  • Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
  • Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
  • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
  • George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
  • Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
  • James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
  • Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
  • Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
  • Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
  • Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
  • Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
  • Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
  • Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
  • Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
  • Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
  • Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
  • Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
  • Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
  • Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
  • Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
  • Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
  • Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
  • Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
  • Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
  • Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).




Vouloir prouver des choses qui sont claires d'elles-mêmes, c'est éclairer le jour avec une lampe.


Citation apocryphe introuvable dans l'œuvre d'Aristote qui semble être apparue en 2012 en France.

https://x.com/phraseculte/status/177987270530449408

Voici, en revanche, une authentique citation de Montesquieu extraite de son traité "De l'esprit des lois" (1748), Livre XXV chapitre XIII:

«Quand il s'agit de prouver des choses si claires, on est sûr de ne pas convaincre.»

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/%C5%92uvres_De_l_esprit_des_lois/bp8GAAAAQAAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=0


|Vouloir prouver des choses qui sont claires d'elles-mêmes, c'est éclairer le jour avec une lampe.|



Pardonner au méchant, c'est frapper l'innocent.


Proverbe italien mal traduit connu depuis l'ouvrage "Quelque six mille proverbes et aphorismes usuels empruntés à notre âge et aux siècles derniers" de Charles Cahier (1856).

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Quelque_six_mille_proverbes_et_aphorisme/62QUAAAAYAAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=0

«Chi perdona il cattivo, offende il buono.» qui signifie «Celui qui pardonne le mal offense le bien.»

On ne pardonne pas le mal, mais celui qui l'a fait. Cela s'appelle la rédemption.


|Pardonner au méchant, c'est frapper l'innocent.|



Les progrès de l'humanité se mesurent aux concessions que la folie des sages fait à la sagesse des fous.


Citation très peu citée, et depuis peu, jamais sourcée et introuvable dans presque toute l'œuvre de Jean Jaurès à ma disposition (Histoire socialiste tomes 1 à 13, discours, textes de jeunesse, poèmes et autres œuvres). Je suppose qu'elle est apocryphe.

Cette citation vient d'un apocryphe de Charles Okala, Ministre des Affaires étrangères du Cameroun dans son discours lors du "Second Conference of Independent African States", Addis-Abeba , 14-26 juin 1960:

A ceux des Colonisateurs qui croient encore détenir un droit divan sur les populations d'Afrique et d'ailleurs, pourquoi ne pas le dire, car il n'y a pas que l'Afrique qui soit encore asservie, je dirai avec d'Holbach dans son traité de philosophie, et je cite: «La connaissance et les lumières ne sont rien si elles ne contribuent pas au bien-être de la société; la gloire qu'elles obtiennent n'est rien si elles ne nous procurent une félicité durable; les sciences sont méprisables lorsqu'elles n'apportent à l'Homme aucun progrès; le progrès humain se mesure aux concessions que la folie des sages fait à la sagesse des fous.»
L'humanité aura accompli son destin quand toute notre folie aura pris la forme de la sagesse de ceux qui nous exploitent encore.

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Conference_of_Independent_African_States/MhPc99KqB_YC?hl=fr&gbpv=0

Voici la vraie citation Paul Thiry, baron d'Holbach extraite de son ouvrage "La Morale universelle" (1776):

Gémissons de ce désordre, et ne cessons point de répéter que les gens de lettres devraient se distinguer par leur concorde, et s'unir pour concourir aux vues de la morale et de la saine philosophie, dont le but invariable ne peut être que de rendre les hommes meilleurs. Les connaissances et les lumières ne sont rien, si elles ne contribuent au bien-être de la société; la gloire qu'elles obtiennent n'est rien, si elles ne nous procurent une félicité durable. Les sciences sont méprisables lorsqu'elles sont stériles; elles sont détestables quand elles contredisent la vraie morale, qui de toutes les sciences nous intéresse le plus. Il n'y a, dit Quintilien, que la sensibilité de l'âme qui rende vraiment éloquent et discret. Un intérêt tendre pour l'humanité doit animer les gens de lettres: c'est l'homme qu'ils doivent éclairer, attendrir sur son propre sort, échauffer pour la vertu; parce que la vertu seule peut bannir les malheurs dont il est la victime, et le mettre en possession du bonheur vers lequel il ne cesse de soupirer. L'étude, selon Pope, la plus importante pour l'homme, c'est l'homme.

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/La_Morale_universelle_etc/NybAEFVEQsUC?hl=fr&gbpv=0


|Les progrès de l'humanité se mesurent aux concessions que la folie des sages fait à la sagesse des fous.|



NGC 2170


La nébuleuse de l'Ange est une nébuleuse par réflexion située à environ 2700 années-lumière dans la constellation équatoriale de Monoceros (la Licorne). Elle fait partie de Monoceros R2, l'une des régions de formation d'étoiles massives les plus proches du Soleil. La nébuleuse porte le nom de NGC 2170 dans le nouveau catalogue général.

La nébuleuse de l'Ange est la partie la plus brillante et la plus occidentale du nuage moléculaire géant de Monoceros R2. Cette nébuleuse poussiéreuse reflète la lumière des étoiles chaudes voisines et contient en son centre une région H II compacte cataloguée PKS 0605-06.

Des observations dans l'infrarouge ont révélé des signes de formation stellaire en cours dans la nébuleuse. Les jeunes étoiles massives sont dissimulées par les épais nuages de poussière et ne sont pas visibles en lumière visible, mais elles brillent dans la bande infrarouge. Leurs vents puissants et leur rayonnement sont responsables de la formation de la poussière et du gaz de la nébuleuse.

Monoceros R2 est une association R, une association stellaire dont les membres illuminent des nébuleuses par réflexion. NGC 2170 est l'une des nombreuses nébuleuses par réflexion bleutées dans la région de Monoceros R2. Le nuage moléculaire contient également une région d'émission rouge compacte et de nombreuses nébuleuses d'absorption sombres.

La nébuleuse de l'Ange est également cataloguée comme la source infrarouge Mon R2 IRS3. La source infrarouge est un système protostellaire massif qui a été résolu en deux composantes, A et B. Les étoiles nouvellement formées sont intégrées dans leurs enveloppes protostellaires et accrètent la matière de leurs nuages parents.

La source infrarouge est associée à un maser d'eau brillant et à l'un des masers OH les plus brillants du ciel. Les masers d'eau se trouvent généralement dans les nuages moléculaires. Les plus brillants et les plus intenses sont généralement associés à des protoétoiles massives. Les masers OH sont généralement observés dans des régions H II ultracompactes ou sont associés à des étoiles nouvellement formées près des bords d'un matériau très dense.

La distance de NGC 2170 est incertaine, mais la plupart des estimations sont proches de la valeur de 2707 ± 163 années-lumière (830 ± 50 parsecs).

La nébuleuse de l'Ange a été découverte par l'astronome britannique d'origine allemande William Herschel le 16 octobre 1784. Herschel a repéré la nébuleuse avec sa lunette de 18,7 pouces et l'a cataloguée comme IV 19. Son fils John Herschel a catalogué la nébuleuse sous le nom de GC 1362, et l'astronome danois John Louis Emil Dreyer l'a répertoriée sous le nom de NGC 2170 dans le Nouveau Catalogue Général.

La région Monoceros R2 a une masse totale de 3,80 x 104 masses solaires. La région de formation d'étoiles contient également la source infrarouge Mon R2 IRS2, qui est la principale source d'illumination.

Monoceros R2 apparaît comme une chaîne de nébuleuses par réflexion qui s'étend sur 2,4 degrés du ciel, ce qui correspond à une extension physique de 35 parsecs. Le nuage moléculaire se trouve à 830 parsecs, presque exactement entre les nuages moléculaires d'Orion A et d'Orion B et l'association OB1 de Canis Major. Les nuages moléculaires d'Orion se trouvent à environ 400 parsecs et Canis Major OB1 à 1 200 parsecs.

1 parsec = 3,26 années-lumière.

https://www.constellation-guide.com/angel-nebula-ngc-2170/



NGC 5728


Voici NGC 5728, une galaxie spirale située à environ 130 millions d'années-lumière de la Terre. Cette image a été prise à l'aide de la caméra à grand champ 3 (WFC3) de Hubble, qui est extrêmement sensible à la lumière visible et infrarouge. Par conséquent, cette image capture magnifiquement les régions de NGC 5728 qui émettent de la lumière visible et infrarouge. Cependant, les galaxies telles que NGC 5728 peuvent émettre de nombreux autres types de lumière que le WFC3 ne peut pas voir.

Sur cette image, NGC 5728 apparaît comme une galaxie spirale barrée, élégante et lumineuse. Ce que cette image ne montre pas, cependant, c'est que NGC 5728 est également un type de galaxie monumentalement énergétique, connu sous le nom de galaxie de Seyfert. Cette catégorie de galaxies extrêmement énergétiques est alimentée par leurs noyaux actifs, connus sous le nom de noyaux actifs de galaxie (AGN). Il existe de nombreux types d'AGN, et seuls certains d'entre eux alimentent les galaxies de Seyfert. NGC 5728, comme toutes les galaxies de Seyfert, se distingue des autres galaxies à AGN par le fait que la galaxie elle-même est clairement visible. D'autres types d'AGN, comme les quasars, émettent tellement de rayonnement qu'il est presque impossible d'observer la galaxie qui les abrite. Comme le montre cette image, NGC 5728 est clairement observable et, aux longueurs d'onde optiques et infrarouges, elle semble tout à fait normale. Il est fascinant de savoir que le centre de la galaxie émet de grandes quantités de lumière dans des parties du spectre électromagnétique auxquelles le WFC3 n'est tout simplement pas sensible! Pour compliquer les choses, l'AGN au cœur de NGC 5728 pourrait en fait émettre de la lumière visible et infrarouge, mais celle-ci pourrait être bloquée par la poussière qui entoure le cœur de la galaxie.

https://esahubble.org/images/potw2139a/

L'étoile la plus visible sur le bord de la galaxie (en apparence) est Gaia DR3 6285464499148592000, un soleil orange 10% moins gros et 20% moins massif que le Soleil située à 1989 années-lumière. Sa durée de vie est estimée 18 milliards d'années.

L'étoile proche de centre de la galaxie est Gaia DR3 6285466045336820352, un gros soleil orange 5 fois plus gros et 2 fois plus massif que le Soleil situé à 12151 années-lumière.



NGC 4694


La plupart des galaxies que nous connaissons appartiennent à l'un des deux types facilement identifiables. Les galaxies spirales sont jeunes et énergiques, remplies du gaz nécessaire à la formation de nouvelles étoiles et dotées de bras spiraux abritant des étoiles chaudes et brillantes. Les galaxies elliptiques ont un aspect beaucoup plus piétonnier, leur lumière provenant d'une population uniforme d'étoiles plus vieilles et plus rouges. Mais d'autres galaxies nécessitent une étude approfondie pour être comprises : c'est le cas de NGC 4694, une galaxie située à 54 millions d'années-lumière de la Terre dans l'amas de galaxies de la Vierge.

NGC 4694 possède un disque lisse et sans bras qui, comme une galaxie elliptique, est pratiquement dépourvu de formation d'étoiles. Cependant, sa population stellaire est encore relativement jeune et de nouvelles étoiles se forment activement dans son noyau, ce qui explique la luminosité que nous pouvons voir sur cette image et lui donne un profil stellaire nettement différent de celui d'une galaxie elliptique classique. La galaxie est également imprégnée du type de gaz et de poussière que l'on trouve normalement dans une jeune galaxie spirale. Les galaxies elliptiques contiennent souvent des quantités importantes de poussière, mais pas le gaz nécessaire à la formation de nouvelles étoiles. NGC 4694 est entourée d'un énorme nuage d'hydrogène invisible, carburant nécessaire à la formation d'étoiles. C'est cette activité stellaire qui est à l'origine des observations de Hubble.

Comme le montre cette image de Hubble, la poussière dans cette galaxie forme des structures chaotiques qui indiquent une sorte de perturbation. Il s'avère que le nuage d'hydrogène gazeux autour de NGC 4694 forme un long pont avec une galaxie naine peu lumineuse située à proximité et nommée VCC 2062. Les deux galaxies ont subi une violente collision et la plus grande, NGC 4694, accrète le gaz de la plus petite galaxie. En raison de sa forme particulière et de son activité de formation d'étoiles, NGC 4694 a été classée dans la catégorie des galaxies lenticulaires : elle ne possède pas les bras caractéristiques d'une galaxie spirale, mais n'est pas aussi dépourvue de gaz qu'une galaxie elliptique, et possède toujours un bulbe et un disque galactiques. Certaines galaxies ne sont pas faciles à classer dans l'une ou l'autre catégorie.

https://esahubble.org/images/potw2440a/

L'étoile la plus visible à droite est Gaia DR3 3927389121337857664, un soleil jaune 2 fois plus gros et 1,4 fois plus massif que le Soleil située à 5115 années-lumière. L'étoile la plus visible à gauche est Gaia DR3 3927389190057335808, une étoile orange de la taille et 25% moins massif que le Soleil située à 4612 années-lumière.

L'étoile visible la plus proche de NGC 4694 est Gaia DR3 3927389155697596800, une étoile orange 10% moins grosse et 23% moins massive que le Soleil située à 6749 années-lumière.

La galaxie sous NGC 4694 est inconnue:



C'est une ancienne photo d'un coq heureux a la ferme.







First post? Or first conversation? Doesn't matter, down the internet tubes it goes!



Good watch for those of you not in the US to understand how bad the country is

https://youtu.be/eRPeU1DYOWA?si=iaX8x8UGXRrLcmX4

#adhd #dystopia #WeNeedHelp




The chasm and chamber open up, fewer lights than before linger but all is the same dull brightness.

Continuing its f͑ͨ̒͝ą̥͙̬̫̙̤͍̠̥̊͆̇̄̀̎ͭͯ̊͗ͩl̸̸̡̨̙͗͠͡s̮̙̼͕̮̬͎̏̆ͮḝ̸̷̵̨̯̟͈̦̱̜͎̻͂͐̎̒̚͟͝h̨̛͖̣̗̰̗̠̬̬ͨ̓͆̑̂̉͌͠o̸̢͔͚̹̲̰̲̖̭̠̺͈̅̂ͫ̈̏̆̊̚͢͜͡ơ̸̠̭̥̭̺̭̻͙͇̋̌̆̇̏ͩ͊͛̆̔̋̕̚͢͢͠͞ͅ_̞̠̥̭ͩd̵̷̨̦̯͎͍̳̣̬̳̮͕́ͮ̎̈́ͧͭ̑̄̏͑ͥ͂͌̚̚͠͞

of pretending infrastructure with no intention of designating purpose to itself. Tiles on the now very high up ceiling, protrude a yellow reflection from the carpet floor. Only noticing the Rot which slowly creeps down, Invisible at first but with time becomes more noticeable, maybe even growing? A hand imprint on the wall glares into the open, empty chasm.

This place has been forgotte- no.. Abandoned. If god exists, it won't be here and if the Devil exists, this would be a prison even for ḩ̵̸̢̖̟͕̫̄ͭͤ́͆ͣ̏͆͊ȉ̴̸̡̛͉̙͚̣̗̦͕̥͍͚̯͉̦̫̐ͤ̀́́͒̅͂̆ͥ̀̽̑ͫ̓͑̚͘͜͞ͅm̶̡̡̨̨̢̰̹͉̩̭̙͍̹̋̿̃̎̉͊ͭͥ̽ͦ̀̚͞͡͡

The hand is not there. ǝɯᴉʇ sᴉɥʇ ʎʅuo ,ɯsɐɥɔ ǝɯɐs ǝɥʇ oʇ punoɹɐ ʞɔɐq spuᴉʍ sʇI .xǝʅdɯoɔ ǝɥʇ ɟo uɹnʇ ǝʅqᴉssodɯᴉ uɐ ʇɐ sɹnɔɔo ɹǝuɹoɔ ǝʅqɐǝɔᴉʇou ɐ ʇǝdɹɐɔ ᵷuᴉɥsnɯ ǝɥʇ ssoɹɔɐ ᵷuᴉʞʅɐM

Where the hand was,, there is now a door. Djduehwjdiwoq187#817+$9991
ᵃⁿᵈ ᶦᵗˢ ˢᶦⁿᵍᶦⁿᵍ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵉ



Lights dim, shadows grow
Life's sin, shallows row
Chords plucked, listen more.

p̧̠̹͕̫̳ͣ̒ͧ̄͗ͣ̉̒̋ͯ͐̚̕͠͞l̶̨̤̤̪͚̺̬̘̾͒ͫ̅ͯ̓́ͪ̽ͤ̏̾ͩ̈̇̈̀͜͠͞e̴̵̖͇̗̻̺̖̲͚͌ͧ̍̆̀̓ͬ͊̿͂̐̌̎ͧ͜ă̧͍͙͚̹̮̬͈̣͎ͧ̿͗ͦ̇̇̽̃̈́̍͠se̘̗͊̆̔͗̒͟͞͞ o̶̳̩̺̬͎̖̤͉͓̬̽̑͒ͭͪ̎̏͠p̴̴͔̘̬̻̪͚͂ͬͩͪ̓ͦ͒͘̕ẻ̡̢̘͓͗ͤ̅̓ͣ̇ͭ̃n̛̰ͯ̑ t̴̷̵̢̨̲̙̱̫̙̥̬͈̩̳̰̞͙̺̎͆͗̾̉ͪ́́ͭ̀̅̑̑̏̒ͮ͢͝h̵͙̬̮͍̞̻̖̳̙̞̙̲̩̭͖̮̿̀̇ͥ̈́͒̂͂ͣͬ̄͐ͨ̕̕͟͢͝ę̵̵̶̧͍̺͚̦͔͕̳̤̠̙͕͔̤͒̀̊͐̓̄́͒͒̐ͯ̔̍͘̕͜͝ ḍ̶̸̸̹̤̻̣͈̘̰̖ͦ̔ͦ͒̎̾͌́̒ͮ̿̒̾̓ͧ̍ͦͥ͌̅̽ͧ̔̽̆̍̂̍͟͢͜͞ͅo̧̹͍͚̣͇̟̭͔͚̝͚͇̔ͮ͑̿ͫ̈́́̈́̀͛̽͢͟͝͝ͅo̸̷͙̫̰͕̠̳̜͔̺ͭ͑̍̈̓̀̕̚̚͠ͅr̵̯͇̤̰̺̟̓͗̈́̋͆̋ͥ̑͛ͣ̑͘̚͜͢͝͡



Subway Tooter & Foggy Minds


Tried logging on to here via Subway Tooter, which I use for Mastodon. It's supposed to work with Friendica too. I tried the Friendiqa app but it doesn't even recognise this site exists. Anyway it appeared I'd logged on successfully but when I went to look at my feed I got a very long error message. The folks on Subway Tooter's help forum said it was a server issue and to contact the server owner.
in reply to Vanessa

@Vanessa That would be me for future reference (in the menu under information it has a lot of the server details and in there is a link to my profile as well as my email address)

If you look further down on that error message where it says HTTP 502 Bad Gateway it tells me the server might have been having issues at that point in time. In all honestly it's kinda unavoidable at the time due to resource constraints, sites currently on a rented dedicated server until I fix my housing situation (current ETA is late october when I can work on putting it back on my own, more stable, hardware again), so it probably was just having issues loading that page at that time.

There's not a lot I can do with troubleshooting clients, but let me know if it keeps having trouble and maybe I can work with you to find some answers?

in reply to Vanessa

I've got it partially working. The feed doesn't work but the notifications do and I can boost/repost posts from my Mastodon accounts onto my Foggy Minds account





A First Post


As I move into my 40s, and contend with the dynamic tension of both more time, money, and capability; against higher demands on those very resources. I've been looking for a new place to do my social networking. I don't need the massive social networks of the past, since most of my community is well established at this point. It's nice to have federation, so my more distant friends can still see my posts without having to maintain or check a specific network just on my behalf. It's a little disappointing to find the landscape of self-hosted or federated social networks so barren, but Friendica seems like a solid option. The federated landscape makes it easier to try a platform, knowing that my work will not be forever vendor-locked into that platform.





The shadows of Baykus oak tree - A short story


Content warning: Dark Lovecraftian-like story



First post on Friendica


So I'm relatively new to fediverse, although I have already interacted with federated protocols (such as Matrix, but Matrix is way different from Mastodon/Friendica/Bluesky/Pleroma/etc).

I have been sailing through two Mastodon instances, but Mastodon's character limit is low for my needs. I'm a developer (JS, PHP, Python, etc) that also like to write poetry and chronicles, as well as interacting with AI to create artistic representations of the gothic and the dark supernatural. While it seems that Friendica supports more characters, I'll know it the moment I send this first post. It has 1342 characters in total.

I have a syncretic view over the reality, trying to converge scientific inquiry with the philosophical questioning and the metaphysical spirituality from all religions and belief systems (even when they seem to "contradict" one another; actually, they have more in common than people think, starting from the beginning of the existence from primordial waters from the amniotic liquid to the electromagnetic fields permeating the cosmos, but it's a subject for another future post).

One important thing for me to ask: does the instance allow AI Art (e.g. from artistic representations of daemons such as Astaroth and Lilith to mathematical concepts such as fractals; obviously these AI imagery would be marked as so)?

in reply to Daemon Silverstein

@Daemon Silverstein This instance? I allow properly marked AI content, I would also suggest content warnings (in Friendica it's done with [abstract]content warning message[/abstract]), but I count that more as a courtesy effort than something I'm going to really demand.

Friendica has no character limit set.

As Friendica isn't the friendliest user interface, if you do find you'd prefer Mastodon or Mastodon-like, there are many that have higher character limits.



Sorry for the downtime


Housing situation has been a pain, still on the temporary server environment and been hitting major resources bottlenecks.

I'm hoping to get a place sooner, but I've hit some roadblocks that very likely will push it drastically further out... in which case I'll need to spend more money on this environment to return things to stable.

Reminder that I'm covering this entirely out of my own pocket and these constraints are because I'm between homes and can't use my own much cheaper hardware. If you appreciate this instance I would very much appreciate a donation.

Shiri Bailem reshared this.




Friendica vs Mastodon


I tried Friendica previously, but never figured out what I wanted to do with it, and deleted it after a while. But after I'd read the excellent post @Elena Rossini wrote on her blog I realised I really should give it another chance, and decided to put a little more effort into it this time. So I created this account yesterday, and now I'm trying to decide how I want to use it. Some part of that uncertainty is because I haven't figured out all the bells and whistles of the platform, and I don't always quite understand what the help pages are trying to tell me. This is definitely mostly on me, having some preconceived notions and expectations, and getting a little confused here and there. This is not Facebook or Goggle+, it is its own thing.
For the most part though, just trying things out with one eye on those help pages have solved any questions I've had.

After I had signed up, I initially imported all the accounts I am following on Mastodon, but am starting to regret this. The two networks are obviously very different beasts, and I will act accordingly from now on. My current idea is to use Friendica, at least partly, as a sort of news aggregator, following accounts both on the fediverse and via RSS feeds, so a lot of those Mastodon accounts will be unfollowed here for a quieter experience and left on Mastodon. Just because you can follow everything everywhere on ActivityPub, it doesn't always make the best sense. But that, of course, is also the beauty of this, what doesn't make the best sense for me, might do for someone else. Different folks...


Occasionally I may even post something here, things that require more than 500 words, things like this.

That's what I'm planning to do right now, anyway. Who knows what I'll think tomorrow?

Jarulf reshared this.

in reply to Jarulf

@Jarulf @Elena Rossini welcome aboard! I'm definitely saving that article, might link it or one of the guides it mentions in the getting started welcome panel (... I should review that as well, I haven't looked at it in ages)

Also remember there's a helper group as you're figuring things out, just tag helpers@forum.friendi.ca (not tagged here because otherwise it'll share this comment to the group). I'm also happy to help out my users!

in reply to Shiri Bailem

@Shiri Bailem Thank you, happy to be here. And also thank you for providing the instance.
I'm figuring things out as I go along, and I'm pretty sure I'm going to like it here. I'll be sure to ask for help when I'm getting too confused :-)


new work


আজকে এটিই আমার প্রথম পোস্ট। দেখি কেমন হয়?