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Marie Lu: If you want to rebel, rebel from inside the system.That's much more powerful than rebelling outside the system. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Thomas Jefferson: The people cannot be all, and always, well informed. The part which is wrong will be discontented, in proportion to the importance of the facts they misconceive. If they remain quiet under such misconceptions, it is lethargy, the forerunner of death to the public liberty. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Karl Marx: But don't wrangle with us so long as you apply, to our intended abolition of bourgeois property, the standard of your bourgeois notions of freedom, culture, law, &c. Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made into a law for all, a will whose essential character and direction are determined by the economical conditions of existence of your class. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Lenin: A United States of the World (not of Europe alone) is the state form of the unification and freedom of nations which we associate with socialism-about the total disappearance of the state, including the democratic. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Lenin: There is and there can be no other way of testing the real might of a capitalist state than by war. War does not contradict the fundamentals of private property-on the contrary, it is a direct and inevitable outcome of those fundamentals. Under capitalism the smooth economic growth of individual enterprises or individual states is impossible. Under capitalism, there are no other means of restoring the periodically disturbed equilibrium than crises in industry and wars in politics. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Lenin: A United States of Europe under capitalism is tantamount to an agreement on the partition of colonies. Under capitalism, however, no other basis and no other principle of division are possible except force. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Lenin: Capital has become international and monopolist. The world has been carved up by a handful of Great Powers, i.e., powers successful in the great plunder and oppression of nations. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


George Orwell: The 'alternative media' is largely dependent upon philanthropic foundations for support, such as the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, among many others. While more critical and infused with a better analysis than can be observed in the mainstream corporate press, the 'alternative' is still controlled by the same interests, as the boards of foundations - which are themselves institutions of concentrated wealth and power - represented elite industrialists, academics, and bankers. They function, essentially, as 'controlled opposition': allowing dissent up to a point, primarily focused on criticizing policies and effects, seeking to promote reforms and alterations to the existing system in order to make it more "fair." The discourse, however, still lacks a needed element: radical analysis of information, pushing not for reform, but systemic change, or, in a word: revolution. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Karl Marx: The coincidence of the changing of circumstances and of human activity or self-changing can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practice. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Tom Engelhardt: The U.S., with $37.8 billion in arms sales ... controlled 68.4% of the global arms market in 2008... with 70% of the market, the U.S. actually has what, in any other field, would qualify as a monopoly position. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Lenin: The art of any propagandist and agitator consists in his ability to find the best means of influencing any given audience, by presenting a definite truth, in such a way as to make it most convincing, most easy to digest, most graphic, and most strongly impressive. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Henry Winston: To fight racism, one must oppose and expose anti-Communism. There is no other way to liberation, in this country or any part of the world. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Lenin: Materialism in general recognises objectively real being (matter) as independent of consciousness, sensation, experience, etc., of humanity. Historical materialism recognises social being as independent of the social consciousness of humanity. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Frantz Fanon: Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn't fit in with the core belief. wordsmith.social/protestation/…




Friedrich Engels: From the outset the Commune was compelled to recognize that the working class, once come to power, could not manage with the old state machine; that in order not to lose again its only just conquered supremacy, this working class must, on the one hand, do away with all the old repressive machinery previously used against it itself, and, on the other, safeguard itself against its own deputies and officials, by declaring them all, without exception, subject to recall at any moment. What had been the characteristic attribute of the former state? Society had created its own organs to look after its common interests, originally through simple division of labor. But these organs, at whose head was the state power, had in the course of time, in pursuance of their own special interests, transformed themselves from the servants of society into the masters of society, as can be seen, for example, not only in the hereditary monarchy, but equally also in the democratic republic. Nowhere do "politicians" form a more separate, powerful section of the nation than in North America. There, each of the two great parties which alternately succeed each other in power is itself in turn controlled by people who make a business of politics, who speculate on seats in the legislative assemblies of the Union as well as of the separate states, or who make a living by carrying on agitation for their party and on its victory are rewarded with positions. It is well known that the Americans have been striving for 30 years to shake off this yoke, which has become intolerable, and that in spite of all they can do they continue to sink ever deeper in this swamp of corruption. It is precisely in America that we see best how there takes place this process of the state power making itself independent in relation to society, whose mere instrument it was originally intended to be. Here there exists no dynasty, no nobility, no standing army, beyond the few men keeping watch on the Indians, no bureaucracy with permanent posts or the right to pensions. and nevertheless we find here two great gangs of political speculators, who alternately take possession of the state power and exploit it by the most corrupt means and for the most corrupt ends - and the nation is powerless against these two great cartels of politicians, who are ostensibly its servants, but in reality exploit and plunder it. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Friedrich Engels: Of late, the Social-Democratic philistine has once more been filled with wholesome terror at the words: Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Well and good, gentlemen, do you want to know what this dictatorship looks like? Look at the Paris Commune. That was the Dictatorship of the Proletariat. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



globalresearch.ca: The Pentagon employs more than 27,000 PR specialists who, with a budget of nearly $5 billion a year, are working the media and circulating targeted manipulations. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Brandon Smith: Globalists all argue that the answer to most of the world's ailments is one world governance, or the end of nation states and cultural divisions in the name of "peace". The UN is so far the impetus of this effort, but it is shadowed by various organizations like the IMF, BIS (Bank of International Settlements), World Bank, as well as dozens of think tank organizations like the CFR (Council on Foreign Relations), Tavistock Institute, the Trilateral Commission, Bilderberg Group, etc.. A practice model for this type of government can be seen in the European Union, which is controlled by a supranational bureaucratic machine run by mostly faceless officials who are not elected and who do not answer to the public. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Always be on the alert against Trotskyism, reformism and revisionism / Soyez toujours en alerte contre le trotskysme, le réformisme et le révisionnisme / Seid immer wachsam gegen Trotzkismus, Reformismus und Revisionismus




David Lloyd George: If people really knew the truth the war (World War I) would be stopped tomorrow, but of course they don't know and can't know. wordsmith.social/protestation/…



Doug Soderstrom: Most Americans have no idea that what we are fed by the news media is nothing more than a portrayal of what powerful corporations want us to believe, that what happens to pass as education is as often as not mere propaganda, that what we learn in church may have very little or nothing to do with the truth, that what our parents teach us may be nothing more than an accumulation of their own personal biases, no doubt a rather subtle modification of what they were taught by their parents. And through such a process, governments and nations around the world wield control as to what their citizens, believe, value, and do. wordsmith.social/protestation/…


Network: You're never going to get any truth from us (television). We'll tell you anything you want to hear. We lie like hell. We deal in illusions. None of it is true! But you people sit there, day after day, night after night, all ages, colors, creeds. We're all you know. You're beginning to believe the illusions we're spinning here. You're beginning to think that the tube is reality, and that your own lives are unreal. You do whatever the tube tells you! You dress like the tube, you eat like the tube, you raise your children like the tube, you even think like the tube! This is mass madness, you maniacs! ... This tube (television) is the Gospel, the ultimate revelation. This tube can make or break presidents, popes, prime ministers. This tube is the most awesome God-damned force in the whole godless world, and woe is us if it ever falls in to the hands of the wrong people, who knows what shit will be peddled for truth. ... Television is not the truth. Television is a God-damned amusement park. wordsmith.social/protestation/…

in reply to Protestation (Deutsch)

Whether capitalist or socialist, my fondest wish is that The State be put to death in totality so I can piss on its corpse.



另类右翼、另类lite、另类左翼中的“另类”是什么?关于作为政治能指的“另类”


原文:journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/…
本文的翻译是笔记式翻译(概述原文,但不包含译者观点),并不完整

What Was the ‘Alt’ in Alt-Right, Alt-Lite, and Alt-Left? On ‘Alt’ as a Political Modifier
另类右翼、另类lite、另类左翼中的“另类”是什么?关于作为政治能指的“另类”

“另类”修饰语最好被理解为是关于政治该怎样进行的偏好的能指。“另类”主要被用来标示其与主流在遵守政治行为规范方面的决裂:也就是拒绝“礼貌”,拥抱下流、尖锐的“幽默”,对政治对手采用对抗的、经常是故意冒犯的方式。

在“另类右翼”一词被谁创造、何时出现的问题上存在着分歧。一些记述将其追溯到2008年11月,旧保守派人物Paul Gottfried在极右翼H.L. Mencken Club发布的演讲,《另类右翼的衰弱与崛起》。其它描述则认为是Richard Spencer创造了这个术语,Spencer本人也认为如此。2010年时Spencer用这个术语作为网站的域名,当时这个网站在语气上还偏好严肃、理智主义、受人尊敬的形象。后来他表示嫌这个词消极且相对主义,而且不想把自己的主意根基于传统左右划分。

尽管Spencer放弃了这个术语,接下来这个词继续偶尔出现在Reddit、4Chan等地方。在2015年,它出人意料地在社媒上爆发。这和早期的“另类右翼”之间存在着核心区别,早期的核心是Spencer,后期“另类右翼”的核心则是各种网络名人,而且没有披上体面、理智主义的外衣,拥抱网络巨魔文化的讽刺、挖苦、堕落幽默感,不像早期的“另类右翼”一样在伪知识分子网站上发布冗长严肃的文章,而是通过“政治正确”和故意冒犯模因来交流。另类右翼的顶峰是川普竞选时期。

Alt-lite(或Alt-light)则是另类右翼用来贬义地描述那些同情,或者与另类右翼有联系,但不表明民族主义或反犹观点的人。他们在仇恨女性主义者、移民等方面与另类右翼一致。他们会使用“言论自由”、“政治正确”等方式,声称自己的批评者过度敏感、不懂幽默,他们有更广泛的媒体影响力与更复杂的策略。它通常不是一个独立的运动,而是在另类右翼的旗下。

另类左翼则是个用来攻击的术语,试图通过声称左翼中也有同样糟糕的、极端主义的群体来攻击左翼。它由特朗普的随口一说和随后几天极右翼网站的专栏开始。最开始只是一种模糊的、哪里都可以用的攻击,后来采用了一种政治马蹄理论的现代版本,再后来用来指一些同样具有讽刺语气、频繁使用模因、反对任何不以阶级为中心的“身份政治”的左翼网络媒体。基本没有人用这个标签来描述自己,几乎是用来攻击一个不存在的运动。后来似乎几乎没什么人使用了。

对于liberals和中间派来说,另类右翼和另类左翼所蕴含的道德等价使他们能够把自己包装为进步政治价值真正的火炬手,不单单能对抗另类右翼,还能对抗另类左翼所谓的性别歧视、种族主义、年龄歧视和在身份政治上的装聋作哑。另外,这种一边是另类左翼,一边是另类右翼的二分框架使得liberals和中间派能够声称:

他们被夹在两种隐秘地有许多共同点的狂热分子之间。这将他们的自由主义,可能还包括一些“温和的共和党人”,的独特品牌,打造为唯一合理的立场,而且是被另类们围攻的那种。

liberals和中间派因此能够将自己描绘为政治房间里唯一的明智成年人。



酷儿 Heather Love


酷儿在跨性别研究中的位置在哪里?酷儿研究和跨性别研究的领域经由共享的历史、方法与对改变性别和性的局外人的处境的承诺连接。 酷儿主要与非规范欲望和性实践相关联,跨性别则主要与非规范性别认同和具身化相关联,从理论上和实践上都难以在它们之间划出一条清晰的界限。 与男同性恋与女同性恋研究、性研究都不同,酷儿研究将自己定义为一个质疑身份的稳定类别的批判性领域。跨性别研究也将自身定义为反对身份的,对两个性别系统被认为具有的稳定性提出了挑战。 这些领域能否、又是在怎样的上下文里,可以被视为截然不同的,这是一个未完的问题;然而,酷儿和跨性别在它们的行动主义承诺、它们的异议方法论和它们对性别和性常规的批判性质询和抵抗中有着连接。

从一开始,对各自分离的身份类别的挑战就是酷儿和跨性别研究的工作的核心。在1980年代晚期和1990年代早期,酷儿以一个行动主义口号的形式浮现,力图在艾滋病危机面前抓住性和性别自由斗争的激进能量。 通过将恐同诽谤重新利用为一个运动、以及不久之后的一个研究领域的名字,酷儿行动者和学者指明了暴力和污名在性别和性局外人的经历中的重要意义。 酷儿,以及它奇怪、古怪、令人费解的配价,也意在表示超越男同性恋和女同性恋的非规范性实践和性别认同。酷儿促进了边缘化和被排除的群体之间的联盟模式,并且在其最广阔的程度被想象为反对“规范性制度”的号角(Warner 1993: xxvi),准备要解决的是“语言、皮肤、移民和国家碎形的错综复杂性” (Sedgwick 1993: 9)。

跨性别也是在致力于挑战身份的规则的行动主义上下文中浮现的术语。如果可以将酷儿理解为对男同性恋、女同性恋的类别所暗示的性别和性的稳定化的拒绝,以及通往更宽阔的性非常规性光谱的开口,那么跨性别则是捕捉了不能被传统二元描述的性别具身化、实践和社群形态的术语。 尽管这个术语的确切根源存在争议,它作为一个拒绝对性别的规范化和医院观点的行动主义的、学术的、民间的术语,在过去数十年间扎稳了根,赞同更宽阔、更活动的解释。 在《跨性别历史》中,Susan Stryker (2008: 1) 将跨性别的概念定义为“从开头起就无意间跨越了社会施加的界限的运动”,这个定义捕捉到了这个术语关键的力量和弹性。跨性别在作为一个伞术语,能够唤出可以包括跨性者、异装者、T和P的光谱的同时,它也表示了对光谱模型所暗示的分类学框架反抗(就算它“超越”了它)。这样的重要冲动——对所有种类的性和性别身份的拒绝——可以被叫作性别酷儿,一个暗示了跨性别和酷儿之间的亲密关系的术语。

酷儿和跨性别研究不仅在它们共享的对性和性别规范的批评方面相连接,也在它们对规训和方法论规范的反抗方面相连接。米歇尔福柯的反规训思想对这两个领域的发展都至关重要。福柯(1978)对性的现代制度的规训力量的描述影响了跨性别和酷儿研究的反规范、反身份政治。 另外,福柯的对历史的系谱学方法使得他能够思考在现代身份类别之外的性别和性——例如,在复杂的十九世纪人物Herculine Barbin (Barbin and Foucault 1980)的故事中。 这样的不稳定的、令人不确定的具身化、实践和认同的例子,不仅威胁了性和性别身份的各自分离的类别,也威胁了性别和性之间的区别本身。最后,福柯对知识面具化为科学客观性的意志的批评对酷儿和跨性别研究的方法论都至关重要。 由于那些有着非标准具身化和性实践的人不成比例地容易受到临床凝视,福柯(2003)对人类科学所作的批判历史使得两个研究领域都将酷儿和跨儿视为主体而非知识客体。这样的坚持指向它们对知识的政治、对基于思考和新批判框架的新方法的在世界中存有的新方法的思想的共同承诺。

除了历史的、方法论的、政治的重叠,酷儿和跨性别研究不总是同道的,而且随着这些领域年纪渐长,也不清楚何种程度上它们应该同道。 酷儿的反identitarian、反常规化和联盟的方面,在阐明和推动跨性别学术和政治中显然有用;实际上这一共通的对跨越学科和身份界限的承诺会使人难以在酷儿研究和跨性别研究之间划出清晰的界限。 然而,虽然在对酷儿最宽泛的理解中酷儿能指示广泛的差异和社会排除,酷儿还常常因在实践中表意更为狭窄而受到批评。在Cathy J. Cohen关于酷儿政治中的排除的重要叙述,《朋克、T和福利皇后》中,她控诉酷儿是虚假的普遍概念,酷儿声称要处理所有边缘主体的处境,但事实上关注的是同性恋者的关切。 在一些酷儿学者中,我们也能看到相似的对酷儿的批评,这些酷儿学者提出酷儿研究没有充分关注跨性别者的物质条件,而只是把性别非常规用作酷儿的标志或寓言。

这样的有关酷儿的状况和包容的紧张关系,不是存在于在真空之中的,而是在令人忧虑的物质、专业和机制背景中的。尽管酷儿研究有一些值得注意的成功之处,它仍旧是一场缺乏人手和资金的冒险。 尽管如此,这个领域相较跨性别研究还是更强势些,后者在教学中常常是酷儿研究或性别研究的附录。女性和性别研究课程和LGBT研究课程怎样才能最好地支持跨性别研究领域中的机构创始者,是现在的一个紧要问题。 把跨性别材料包括进课程中,是一把双刃剑,因为这在促进了学生对这个领域的了解,回应了数量不少的学生的需求的同时,却可能阻止了跨性别研究的机构化过程中最关键的一步:给予身在跨性别研究领域中的学者,以及跨性别身份的学者在大学里的终身职位。

此外,除了酷儿和跨性别研究的知识形成中的重要重叠,它们之间在概念上的契合也不是天衣无缝的。酷儿已经被证实,在解释具身化时比起跨性别研究更乏用武之地。 跨性别研究为物质经验提供了解释,为位于中心的具身化的新形式和经验(在这方面,我们也能看到跨性别研究和残障研究之间的重要连接)腾出了空间。 酷儿与后结构主义的知识形成紧密相连,特别是在它在文学理论和精神分析的发展方面。跨性别研究的领域同样受这一框架工作影响——特别是在例如Sandy Stone的《The Empire Strikes Back》(1991)等经典文本中——但跨性别研究倾向于在方法论上更包容多样。 酷儿研究继续抵抗社会科学方法论,偏好跨学科或文化研究的更人文主义的版本,而跨儿研究则和法律研究、跨国分析、医学历史、建筑和设计、民族志和政治经济有着更紧密的联系。

酷儿最好是被理解为一个与被标记为性别和性越轨者的社群有着历史连接的实质性术语,还是一个描述宽泛的非常规、政治批评和对身份的抵抗的更抽象理论的术语,答案还不清楚。 相似的模棱两可标记了跨性别,跨性别可以指向具身化或社群的特定模式,但也可以被理解为指向交错的、去自然化的身份类别的理论术语。 酷儿和跨性别都产生了关键的强大扰动,但现在或许需要通过意识到身份持续的力量来平衡它们。在词源学上,跨儿和酷儿都指向跨越,在这一意义力两个术语都同样能引出机动性与局限性。 鉴于越来越多的性别常规的、经济上和种族上占优势的、有配偶的大都会同性恋者进入了主流,这些领域现在或许需要将关注转移到在欲望、抱负或人生机遇中被画叉(cross)或遭遇挫折,这样意义上的跨越(cross)。 社会阶级、种族、地域、能力和性别表现,在决定权利、资源的获取和免于暴力的自由中扮演至关重要的角色;跨性别者,跨性者,还有性别酷儿,不成比例地遭受着Amber Hollibaugh和Cherríe Moraga在1981年《酷儿攻击》中所写的事情。酷儿在为性别和性自由斗争的语境中的政治力量,如果有,就是来自于其传达正在进行的污名、暴力和排除的现实的能力。