Waldemar Kolmsperger l'Ancien
Waldemar Kolmsperger (né le 5 septembre 1852 à Berchtesgaden et mort le 19 avril 1943 à Munich), généralement appelé «l'Ancien» pour le distinguer de son fils du même nom, est un peintre allemand de style néo-baroque.
Waldemar Kolmsperger était le fils de Theodor Karl Kolmsperger, enseignant à l'école publique et organiste de la ville, et de son épouse Wilgefort, née von der Thann. Il a grandi en Haute-Bavière, a fait un apprentissage à Teisendorf, Berchtesgaden, Feldkirchen et Wurmannsquick, puis a été compagnon peintre décorateur et peintre sur tonneau. Il ne put commencer des études académiques de peinture qu'après avoir effectué son service militaire, entre 1874 et 1877. Carl von Piloty permit alors au jeune soldat, qui était de service dans le bureau topographique de l'état-major général, d'utiliser la salle des antiquités pendant son temps libre, et Kolmsperger poursuivit plus tard ses études à l'académie des arts de Munich jusqu'en 1889. Ses professeurs à l'académie furent Julius Benczur, Andreas Müller, Georg Löfftz, Wilhelm von Diez et Georg Hiltensperger.
En 1877, il épousa Maria Bernstetter (1854-1927), avec laquelle il eut sept enfants.
Pendant ses études, il fut appelé à participer à la peinture de la salle de l'hôtel de ville de Landshut ; de même, il participa, d'abord comme assistant, puis de manière indépendante, à la peinture du château de Hohenschwangau. Au château de Neuschwanstein, il a décoré le couloir menant à la salle des chanteurs avec les allégories du salut, de la constance, de la fidélité et de la tempérance ; il a également réalisé la représentation de saint Georges dans la salle du trône (1884). L'école Stieler à Munich porte une peinture de Kolmsperger sur sa façade.
En outre, Kolmsperger s'est occupé de la restauration et de la peinture d'églises du 18ème siècle. En 1887, il a peint le plafond de la chapelle de la Vierge Marie à Lauda, représentant l'Assomption de la Vierge. Il a également peint un mur du cimetière de Lauda avec un saint Michel. En 1890, il décore l'église paroissiale de Sonthofen d'un tableau d'autel et d'autres peintures.
En 1895, il peint la coupole du Jugement dernier dans l'église paroissiale Saint-Nicolas de Murnau, qui couvre plus de 500 mètres carrés et vaut à l'artiste le titre de professeur royal. Il est également chargé de peindre le couloir est du palais de justice de Munich et la maison de cure de Reichenhall. Alors que dans ces œuvres, il réalisa des compositions mouvementées dans le style baroque, il peignit la mort de Saint-Nicolas dans l'église Saint-Nicolas de Landshut dans le style gothique, tout comme les mystères du rosaire douloureux dans l'église de Mahlberg à Baden.
Il a conçu un cycle d'images du rosaire en collaboration avec H. O. Walker pour une église de Philadelphie. En outre, il a créé en 1883 les modèles des vitraux royaux de l'église paroissiale de Munich-Giesing avec des scènes de la vie de Jésus et, probablement quelques années plus tard, les projets des vitraux de la cathédrale de St. Benno à Munich acheta en 1897 une tête de Christ de Kolmsperger, réalisée en technique de mosaïque.
Pour l'église paroissiale de Landsberg am Lech, Kolmsperger peint en 1902 et 1903 un vaste médaillon représentant l'Assomption de la Vierge ainsi que des représentations des docteurs de l'Eglise Jérôme et Augustin. En 1904, il réalisa les peintures de plafond pour le monastère et l'église de Roggenburg. Trois de ses esquisses à l'huile sur la prophétie de Siméon, l'Annonciation et la Nativité se trouvent dans le musée du monastère.
En 1906, la nouvelle église paroissiale de St. Andreas à Nesselwang fut inaugurée et il la décora également de grandes peintures avec l'aide de son fils. En outre, il restaura à cette époque les fresques de Johann Baptist Enderle dans l'église paroissiale de St. Ulrich à Seeg et les peintures d'Enderle à St. Ignaz à Mayence. Il restaura les fresques de l'église des Jésuites à Mannheim, à nouveau avec l'assistance de son fils. En 1907, il réalisa les peintures de plafond pour l'église de l'hôpital du Saint-Esprit à Munich ainsi que des retables pour l'église paroissiale de Großaiting. En 1909, il réalisa une peinture de Saint Sébastien à Gebsattel, et entre 1910 et 1911, il peignit l'ancienne église abbatiale de Saint Nabor à Saint Avold en Lorraine. En 1911, Kolmsperger réalisa un retable de maître-autel à Au bei Berchtesgaden. En 1920, il réalisa plusieurs tableaux pour l'église Saint-Wolfgang à Munich et, en 1921, le tableau du maître-autel de la Kollegienkirche à Ehingen an der Donau. Pour la vieille pharmacie du Deutsches Museum, il réalisa la peinture de plafond (secco) «L'art de guérir: Esculape et Hygieia avec une licorne». Dans les années qui suivirent, il conçut une peinture en mosaïque pour l'église de l'hôpital ducal à Munich ainsi que des peintures pour l'église paroissiale d'Übersee et les peintures du plafond de l'église paroissiale de Kiefersfelden (1926); il réalisa d'autres œuvres pour des bâtiments à Obernzell près de Passau, Münster près de Donauwörth, Au près de Bregenz et la cathédrale de Notre-Dame de Lindau. À Kassel, la salle de l'hôtel de ville a été décorée d'une œuvre de Kolmsperger. Au Bayerisches Nationalmuseum de Munich, il a réalisé la peinture du plafond de la petite coupole de la salle 32, sur le thème du Saint-Esprit.
Kolmsperger fut membre de la Münchner Künstlergenossenschaft de 1890 à 1908 et devint membre honoraire de l'Académie des beaux-arts de Munich en 1903. En 1893, il fut l'un des membres fondateurs de la Société allemande d'art chrétien. Il a été actif en tant que peintre jusqu'en 1931, la plupart du temps avec des commandes publiques, puis, pour des raisons d'âge, uniquement en tant que consultant. Il a été enterré au Waldfriedhof de Munich.
Son fils Waldemar, qui a d'abord été formé par lui, s'est lui aussi plu à réaliser des peintures de plafond monumentales, souvent en collaboration avec son père. Waldemar Kolmsperger l'aîné et le cadet ont entre autres décoré plusieurs paquebots de la ligne Hambourg-Amérique avec des peintures de plafond. Parmi eux, les navires Vaterland alias Leviathan, Bismarck et New York. Le gendre de Waldemar Kolmsperger, Franz Xaver Dietrich, a également travaillé avec lui à certaines périodes.
Selon Ulrike Steiner, Kolmsperger dirigeait un atelier «comme un peintre de l'époque baroque».
Plus de cent ans après sa création, un modèle en carton de la coupole de l'église de Murnau a été redécouvert en 2009 dans le grenier de l'église, modèle que Kolmsperger avait créé avant de peindre cet édifice. Le modèle a un diamètre d'à peine deux mètres, la coupole originale, l'une des plus grandes de Bavière à l'époque de sa construction, est plus de neuf fois plus grande. En 2014/15, la maquette a été exposée au musée du château de Murnau.
Robespierre: Men of all countries are brothers, and the different peoples should help one another to the best of their ability, like citizens of the same state. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Luigi Chialiva
Luigi Chialiva était un peintre suisse né à Caslano, le 16 Juillet 1841, et décédé à Paris le 7 Avril 1914.
Né en Suisse à Lugano, dans la partie Italophone, Luigi Chialiva est le fils d’Abbondio Chialiva et de Maria Medina. Sa famille, assez fortunée, était très engagée dans la vie politique et fut obligée de s'exiler au Mexique avant de rentrer en Italie. De 1842 à 1865, il habite la villa Tanzina à Lugano, où il aperçoit des hommes politiques influents, tels Mazzini ou Cattaneo.
Très jeune porté vers l'architecture, il devient l’élève de Gottried Semper (1803-1879), réfugié politique en Suisse. Il fréquente entre 1859 et 1861 l’Institut Polytechnique de Zurich et l’Atelier du peintre paysagiste Antonio Fontanesi (1818-1882) de 1861 à 1863, à Milan. Au cours de ce séjour, il rencontre Richard Wagner (1813-1883) qui l'impressionne fortement et dont il devient l’admirateur. Ce goût pour l'architecture l'amena, quelques années plus tard, à s'associer au projet de maison de Sézille, maison qui existe encore rue du Maréchal-Leclerc à Écouen, pour en assurer la décoration.
Bien qu'architecte en 1861, il abandonne ce métier en 1864 et se passionne désormais pour la peinture. Il suit alors les cours de Carlo Mancini (1829-1910) en 1863 et 1864 (on ne trouve pourtant pas trace de son inscription, sans doute à cause de l’aspect privé de cet enseignement) et ceux de l'Académie de Brera en 1864 où il expose d'ailleurs cette année là. Il participe à des expositions à Milan et à Turin. Il y présente se première toile le Marché aux herbes, sur la place Castello de Milan, puis une quinzaine d'autres entre 1865 et 1870. Après avoir commencé comme paysagiste, il s'oriente vers la peinture animalière.
En 1867, il s'inscrit à l'Académie royale milanaise pour étudier le nu, enseignement qui lui sera très utile. C'est également en 1867 qu'il découvre la France, en allant visite l'Exposition universelle de Paris avec Ferdinand Heilbuth (1826-1889), un peintre déjà renommé, rencontré à Rome en 1865. Il sera l'un de ses maîtres à partir de 1874 et aussi l'un de ses exécuteurs testamentaires.
Très doué pour la peinture, il obtient dès 1868 le premier prix de la fondation Mylius, où il expose une toile représentant sa basse-cour. La mort de son père, à la fin de l’année 1870, accélère son désir de partir pour la France. On sait qu’il a visité l'exposition de Turin avec son ami Ferdinand Heilbuth. Son arrivée à Paris se situe autour de l'année 1872. Il devient l'ami d'Edgar Degas (1834-1917), d'origine italienne par son grand-père, avec qui il s'est lié d'amitié à Rome. Il en subit l'influence picturale et, preuve de son savoir-faire, il lui restaure deux toiles endommagées accidentellement (Intérieur et Le viol). Il fait partie de ses amis, fréquente un cercle d'artistes italiens nommé Circula della polenta, qui comprend, entre autres, Guiseppe De Nittis (1846-1884), auquel se joint parfois Émile Zola (1840-1902) et les frères Goncourt. Il côtoie également Guiseppe Verdi (1813-1901).
Arthur Trevor Haddon
Arthur Trevor Haddon (22 août 1864 - 13 décembre 1941), également connu sous le nom de Trevor Haddon, était un peintre et illustrateur britannique.
Haddon était un peintre et aquarelliste de paysages italiens et espagnols et de paysages ruraux. Il a étudié à la Slade School à partir de 1883 avec le professeur Alphonse Legros et à Madrid en 1886-87. À son retour en Angleterre, il a travaillé avec Sir Hubert Herkomer de 1888 à 1990. Haddon vit et travaille à Rome en 1896-7.
Il expose dans les principales galeries londoniennes à partir de 1883, notamment 12 œuvres à Suffolk street, 1883-90, dont «A Country Hack», «The Cabbage Garden» et «Berkshire Meadows». Il a également exposé à la Royal Academy, notamment des vues d'Espagne et des portraits. Il a été élu RBA en 1896 et a présenté plusieurs expositions personnelles à Londres au début des années 1900, notamment aux Leicester Galleries (1902), à la Chenil Gallery (1906) et aux Chenil Galleries (1908).
Il a beaucoup voyagé en Amérique du Nord et du Sud, notamment au Venezuela, entre 1921 et 1930. Auteur de The Old Venetian Palaces, Southern Spain et d'autres ouvrages. A vécu principalement à Londres et, plus récemment, à Cambridge, où il est décédé le 13 décembre 1941, à l'âge de 77 ans.
Haddon est surtout connu pour ses scènes orientales et espagnoles, de cour et de marché avec des personnages et de Venise.
Robespierre: Ask that merchant in human flesh what property is. He will tell you, pointing to the long coffin that he calls a ship and in which he has herded and shackled men who still appear to be alive: “Those are my property; I bought them at so much a head.” Question that nobleman, who has lands and ships or who thinks that the world has been turned upside down since he has had none, and he will give you a similar view of property. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Robespierre: Citizens whose incomes do not exceed what is required for their subsistence are exempted from contributing to state expenditure; all others must support it progressively according to their wealth. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Jules Trayer
Jean-Baptiste Jules Trayer, né le 20 août 1824 à Paris, et mort dans la même ville le 1er janvier 1909, était un peintre français.
Jean-Baptiste Jules Trayer est le fils du peintre paysagiste Joseph Jean Trayer. Sa mère était Geneviève Françoise Barrois. Il s'est marié le 30 août 1851 à Paris avec Zulime Neuhaus dit Maisonneuve (1832-1861).
Il est né à Paris et a étudié avec son père avant d'entrer à l'École des beaux-arts de Metz et à l'Académie suisse de Paris. Il expose pour la première fois au Salon de Paris en 1847. Dans les années 1850, il expose des compositions inspirées par l'histoire et la littérature, puis se tourne vers les sujets de genre, qui deviennent sa spécialité. Il travaille à la fois à l'huile et à l'aquarelle, et traite souvent des thèmes paysans dans ses œuvres.
Des années 1860 aux années 1880, Trayer a peint de nombreux intérieurs et scènes rurales - invariablement axés sur les activités des femmes - à Quimperlé et à Pont-Aven, à une époque où les peintres naturalistes affluaient en Bretagne pour dépeindre les paysages accidentés et les ports de pêche pittoresques de la région, ainsi que la vie quotidienne des Bretons avec leurs coutumes traditionnelles, leurs costumes distinctifs et leurs pratiques religieuses pieuses.
Il obtient une médaille de 3e classe au Salon de Paris de 1853 et à celui de 1855. Il présente également des œuvres à la Société des amis des arts de Bordeaux de 1854 à 1875.
You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Social
English– @protestation@mastodon.acc.sunet.se– @protestation@friendica.retronerd.atFrançais– @protestation@mastodon.social– @protestation@social.trom.tf
Deutsch– @protestation@qoto.org– @protestation@friendica.hashy-net.de
Português– @protestation@mastodon.world– @protestation@friendica.eskimo.com
Quotes– @protestation@freeradical.zone– @protestation@foggyminds.com
Robespierre: We want, in a word, to fulfil nature’s wishes, to further the destinies of humanity, to keep the promises of philosophy, to absolve providence of the long reign of crime and tyranny. So that France, once illustrious among enslaved countries, eclipsing the glory of all the free peoples that have existed, may become the model for all nations, the terror of oppressors, the consolation of the oppressed, the ornament of the universe. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Robespierre: Democracy is a state in which the sovereign people, guided by laws which are its own work, does for itself all that it can do properly, and through delegates all that it cannot do for itself. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
You can follow us in other languages. Visit our website for more information wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Social
English– @protestation@mastodon.acc.sunet.se– @protestation@friendica.retronerd.atFrançais– @protestation@mastodon.social– @protestation@social.trom.tf
Deutsch– @protestation@qoto.org– @protestation@friendica.hashy-net.de
Português– @protestation@mastodon.world– @protestation@friendica.eskimo.com
Quotes– @protestation@freeradical.zone– @protestation@foggyminds.com
Lenin: Unity is a great thing and a great slogan. But what the workers' cause needs is the unity of Marxists, not unity between Marxists, and opponents and distorters of Marxism. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Augusto Pinochet: Yesterday we were on the edge of the abyss. Today we have taken a step forward. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Lenin: And although these magnificent uprisings of the working class were crushed, there will be another uprising, which the forces of the enemies of the proletariat will prove ineffective, and from which the socialist proletariat will emerge completely victorious. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Carroll Quigley: The growth of financial capitalism made possible a centralization of world economic control and use of this power for the direct benefit of financiers and the indirect injury of all other economic groups. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Charles Sprague Pearce
Charles Sprague-Pearce était un peintre américain né à Boston, dans le Massachusetts, le 13 octobre 1851 et mort à Auvers-sur-Oise le 18 mai 1914.
En 1873, il devient l'élève de Léon Bonnat à Paris et, après 1885, il vit à Paris et à Auvers-sur-Oise. Il peint des scènes égyptiennes et algériennes, des paysans français et des portraits, ainsi que des œuvres décoratives, notamment pour le Thomas Jefferson Building à la Bibliothèque du Congrès à Washington. Il a reçu des médailles au Salon de Paris et ailleurs, et a été fait Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur française, décoré de l'Ordre de Léopold, Belgique, de l'Ordre de l'Aigle rouge, Prusse, et de l'Ordre du Dannebrog, Danemark.
Parmi ses tableaux les plus connus figurent La décapitation de saint Jean-Baptiste (1881), La prière (1884), Le retour du troupeau et La méditation. Pearce fait également partie de ceux qui ont connu et peint la muse de Capri, Rosina Ferrara.
Au milieu du XIXe siècle, avant que l'Amérique n'ait véritablement établi sa prétention à l'originalité artistique, les artistes américains ont été séduits par la fascinante scène artistique parisienne. Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, un groupe important d'artistes américains s'est rassemblé en France, parmi lesquels Mary Cassatt, James Abbot MacNeill Whistler - bien que ce ne soit que temporaire - et Daniel Ridgway Knight, parmi beaucoup d'autres. Un autre artiste américain, qui n'a pas reçu suffisamment d'attention, est Charles Sprague Pearce, dont la présence à Paris et plus tard à Auvers-sur-Oise a été importante pour la propagation et l'appréciation de l'art américain, même s'il a continué à être fortement influencé par les styles artistiques européens prédominants de l'époque. Commentant la diversité de l'œuvre de Charles Sprague Pearce, Dodge Thompson («Charles Sprague Pearce: a forgotten realist of the gilded age», The Magazine Antiques, vol. 144 (5), pg. 682) a écrit que:
Pearce était l'un des peintres américains expatriés en Europe les plus curieux et les plus ambitieux de son époque. Il a expérimenté à plusieurs reprises le réalisme, l'historicisme néo-grec, l'orientalisme (à la fois moderne et biblique), le naturalisme en plein air, le japonisme, l'impressionnisme, le symbolisme et le pointillisme.
Le mélange d'exotisme et de popularité de Pearce l'a conduit à devenir un artiste recherché tant en Europe qu'en Amérique, perpétuant l'intérêt pour l'esthétique orientaliste, parmi de nombreuses autres préoccupations, ainsi que la recherche de nouveaux styles et d'une iconographie fortement influencée par ce qui était montré lors des expositions publiques du Salon.
Charles Sprague Pearce est né le 13 octobre 1851 dans une famille aisée de Boston. Dès son plus jeune âge, il baigne dans un environnement qui nourrit son goût pour les arts : ses parents jouent du piano et du violon, et son père est marchand de porcelaines chinoises. Le père de Pearce devait être très conscient de la ferveur croissante avec laquelle les collectionneurs commençaient à rechercher ces œuvres exotiques, ce qui suggère également sa compréhension des tendances artistiques de l'époque. C'est la première fois que Pearce découvre des objets qui influenceront plus tard une grande partie de son travail à mi-carrière. Cependant, avant de pouvoir expérimenter des innovations artistiques, il est inscrit à la Brimmer School, puis à la prestigieuse Boston Latin School, où il fait preuve de ses premiers talents artistiques. Après avoir terminé ses études, Pearce travaille pendant cinq ans avec son père dans son entreprise d'importation de produits chinois, Shadrach H. Pearce and Co. mais il se rend vite compte qu'il veut poursuivre une carrière d'artiste et part pour Paris en août 1873.
Après son arrivée à Paris, Pearce s'inscrit dans l'atelier de Léon Bonnat, un peintre académique de premier plan qui avait atteint un haut degré de prestige avec des scènes de genre, des peintures d'histoire et des portraits, et qui possédait également son propre atelier pour les étudiants. Au cours de sa carrière, Pearce a généralement suivi ces mêmes catégories de peinture, se concentrant d'abord sur les peintures d'histoire, souvent d'orientation biblique, puis réalisant des portraits et, dans la dernière partie de sa carrière, de nombreuses scènes de genre. Ses premières œuvres, cependant, ont été inspirées par ses ambitieux voyages et montrent souvent une forte influence de Bonnat dans le modelage du sujet et le traitement de l'ombre et de la lumière.
Vers la fin de l'année 1873, Pearce et l'Américain Frederic Arthur Bridgman, également issu de l'atelier de Bonnat, partent pour l'Égypte et passent trois mois à descendre le Nil, accumulant une multitude de dessins et s'immergeant dans une culture qui ne leur est pas familière. Il s'agit d'un voyage spontané, rendu nécessaire par le fait que Pearce a contracté une tuberculose et qu'il se rend en Égypte pour tenter de se soigner grâce au climat plus chaud. Pearce devait également avoir d'autres motivations pour se rendre en Égypte, l'une d'entre elles étant que l'exotisme de l'Orient attirait les artistes et avait inspiré l'utilisation de thèmes orientalistes dans de nombreuses œuvres du Salon. Les tableaux de Gérôme, Eugène Fromentin et Eugène Delacroix dépeignaient, souvent avec une vraisemblance quasi photographique, les coutumes, les vêtements et les paysages des pays orientaux. L'année suivante, Pearce quitte à nouveau Paris, cette fois pour l'Algérie, où il passe les mois d'hiver à absorber la vie et la culture d'un autre pays étranger, enrichissant ainsi son répertoire de thèmes orientaux.
De retour à Paris en 1874, Pearce fait ses débuts au Salon en 1876 avec le portrait d'une Américaine, Miss Ellen Hardin Walworth. Malgré sa nouvelle expérience en Égypte et en Algérie, Pearce choisit de présenter un portrait et non une œuvre inspirée de ses voyages. Dès le Salon suivant, Pearce s'oriente vers la représentation de scènes historiques, probablement sous l'influence de Bonnat. Il expose La Mort du Premier Né au Salon de 1877 et intègre des détails orientaux, basés sur ses connaissances de première main, dans la composition. Bien qu'il ne s'agisse plus d'un sujet très populaire ou progressiste pour de nombreux artistes, le traitement de l'histoire biblique par Pearce n'est pas surprenant car «...depuis sa jeunesse, Pearce voulait être un peintre religieux de grands sujets bibliques...» (Mary Lublin, Une rare élégance). (Mary Lublin, A Rare Elegance: The Paintings of Charles Sprague Pearce, New York: The Jordan-Volpe Gallery, 1993, p. 11) Vis-à-vis des préoccupations sociales et religieuses de la Troisième République, cela était tout à fait approprié puisque la France était zélée dans ses efforts pour retrouver la religiosité à une époque où elle était menacée par la modernité laïque.
Même si Pearce travaillait sur des thèmes bibliques, il était également influencé par l'intérêt prédominant pour l'orientalisme et la représentation des détails ethnographiques. Pour mieux expliquer cette importance, Thompson (p. 683) écrit à propos de La Mort du Premier Né de Pearce que:
Comme de nombreux peintres académiques à l'ère des découvertes archéologiques, Pearce a inclus des artefacts à des fins de vraisemblance. Selon un égyptologue, la peinture murale partielle au-dessus des pleureuses est dérivée d'illustrations publiées de peintures de tombes du Nouvel Empire à Thèbes, et la caisse de momie pourrait être basée sur celle du Musée du Louvre à Paris... Les Lamentations ont néanmoins établi la réputation de Pearce en tant qu'artiste sérieux et ont été exposées à New York, Boston, Philadelphie et Chicago.
Si Pearce a pu représenter des objets réels, leur disposition ensemble était parfois anachronique, un oubli qui a suscité peu d'intérêt de la part du public, comme le décrit Mary Lublin (p. 17):
Si la composition ne démontre pas les connaissances de l'artiste en matière d'art égyptien, ses détails crédibles, bien qu'inexacts, fournissent le contexte historique convoité par les jurés du Salon et les mécènes. La tentative de Pearce de visualiser un récit relaté dans l'histoire de l'Exode illustre la fascination du dix-neuvième siècle pour l'authentification de la Bible.
Pearce continue d'exposer des sujets bibliques aux Salons de 1879 (Le Sacrifice d'Abraham) et de 1881, recevant une mention honorable à ce dernier pour Décollation de Saint Jean-Baptiste. Cette œuvre a ensuite été exposée à l'Academy of Fine Arts en Pennsylvanie où elle a reçu une première place et a été vendue à l'Art Institute of Chicago - l'œuvre a par la suite été retirée de la collection.
L'intérêt de Pearce pour l'orientalisme et l'exotisme l'a amené à s'intéresser à l'engouement actuel pour le japonisme, l'amour de tout ce qui est japonais, porté par des magasins comme celui de Siegfried Bing dans la rue Chauchat, La Porte Chinoise de Madame Desoye, et des publications comme Le Japon Artistique. De plus en plus d'artistes, comme Edouard Manet, James MacNeill Whistler et Edgar Degas, commencent à collectionner des objets «orientaux» et à remettre en question leur utilisation des effets spatiaux afin de simuler une sorte de peinture « japonaise », avec des kimonos, des éventails et des porcelaines japonaises dans un cadre souvent européanisé. Femme à l'Éventail de 1883 est un bon exemple de l'intégration d'objets orientaux par Pearce, montrant une femme européenne vêtue d'un kimono et tenant un éventail japonais. Fidèle à cet intérêt, Pearce expose Fantaisie (Fantasie) à l'Académie des beaux-arts de Pennsylvanie, à Philadelphie. L'œuvre est très appréciée et «attire l'attention universelle», lui valant une médaille de troisième classe et marquant un tournant dans la carrière de Pearce ainsi qu'un renforcement de ses pouvoirs artistiques. (Thompson, 684)
Peu satisfait, Pearce aborde un autre thème: le paysan, un thème qui a une histoire longue et durable non seulement dans les œuvres d'artistes tels que Jean-François Millet et Charles-François Daubigny, mais aussi dans l'histoire sociale de la France. Une des premières compositions paysannes de Pearce est Porteuse d'eau, qui lui vaut une médaille de troisième classe au Salon de 1883. En 1885, Pearce s'installe à Auvers-sur-Oise, où il restera jusqu'à la fin de sa vie et où il s'adonne à sa créativité en s'entourant de la nature. Il expose Peines de Cœur au Salon de la même année, une peinture qui est également présentée à l'Académie de Pennsylvanie où elle remporte la médaille d'or Temple pour la meilleure peinture de figure.
À la fin des années 1880, Pearce continue à s'intéresser aux thèmes paysans tout en intégrant des peintures pastorales dans son œuvre. Il continue à exposer chaque année au Salon, tout en participant à plusieurs expositions internationales en Belgique, en Angleterre, en Allemagne et en Amérique. Les années suivantes, à commencer par son élection au jury de l'Exposition universelle de 1889, le voient s'engager dans un certain nombre d'activités ambitieuses qui contribuent à sa reconnaissance, notamment la présidence du comité consultatif de Paris pour l'Exposition universelle de Chicago en 1893 et du comité de Paris pour l'Exposition d'achat de la Louisiane à St. Louis en 1904. Plus important encore, il a contribué à l'organisation de la première exposition d'art américain à grande échelle en Belgique pour l'exposition universelle d'Anvers de 1894. Bien que Pearce ait adopté un style et des sujets typiquement français, il est clair qu'il était toujours intéressé par la promotion du travail d'autres artistes américains, en particulier ceux qui avaient un lien étroit avec la France. Il a également été nommé Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur en 1894.
La dernière exposition de Pearce au Salon a eu lieu en 1906, lorsqu'il a présenté Jeune Picarde. Il meurt à Auvers-sur-Oise en 1914.
La contribution des artistes américains, en particulier ceux qui travaillaient dans un style typiquement français, mais qui n'étaient pas aussi controversés que le groupe impressionniste entrant, peut souvent être éclipsée. Pourtant, en adoptant ces représentations typiquement françaises, Charles Sprague Pearce s'adressait à une clientèle et à un public qui appréciaient ses images précisément parce qu'elles s'inscrivaient dans la même veine que celles de nombreux artistes précédents du dix-neuvième siècle. Son travail répondait aux intérêts de l'époque, allant d'une obsession pour le Moyen-Orient et l'Extrême-Orient à des objectifs plus sociaux dans la représentation du paysan. Pearce s'est totalement immergé dans la vie et la culture artistique de Paris et a été acclamé tout en continuant à soutenir d'autres artistes et expositions américains.
L'artiste a également reçu d'autres distinctions internationales: Chevalier, Ordre du Roi Léopold, Belgique (1895); Vice-président et membre fondateur de la Paris Society of American Painters et Chevalier, Ordre de l'Aigle Rouge, Prusse (1897); Chevalier, Ordre de l'Aigle Rouge, Danemark (1898); Académicien national associé, National Academy of Design, New York (1906); et promu à titre posthume Académicien national de la National Academy of Design, New York (1920).
Aujourd'hui, des œuvres de Pearce se trouvent notamment au Metropolitan Museum of Art de New York, au Virginia Museum of Fine Arts et à la National Gallery of Art de Washington.
Emily Eyres
Emily Eyres est une peintre anglaise née en 1850 et décédée en 1910.
Elle fut une rare peintre britannique de portrait et de genre. Elle a exposé à la Royal Academy de 1899 à 1904 et a notamment peint «A Bachelor» en 1899.
Eyres est enregistrée comme vivant à Walton on Thames pendant la période où elle exposait à la R.A., son mari John W Eyres était un artiste paysagiste et a également exposé à la R.A.
Les registres d'exposition de la Walker Gallery, à Liverpool, mentionnent Eyres, et un portrait d'elle fait partie de la collection permanente de la Mercier Gallery, à Harrogate, mais on sait peu de choses sur cette artiste talentueuse.
Les dernières peintures d'Eyres ont été influencées par les impressionnistes britanniques et «Shadows» capture magnifiquement cet impressionnisme avec de larges coups de pinceau et une belle utilisation de l'ombre et de la lumière. Shadows a été exposé à la Royal Academy aux côtés des principaux impressionnistes britanniques de l'époque, et est probablement son œuvre la plus importante.
