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Social
English– @protestation@mastodon.acc.sunet.se– @protestation@friendica.retronerd.atFrançais– @protestation@mastodon.social– @protestation@social.trom.tf
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Quotes– @protestation@freeradical.zone– @protestation@foggyminds.com
Lenin: During periods of industrial boom, the profits of finance capital are immense, but during periods of depression, small and unsound businesses go out of existence, and the big banks acquire “holdings” in them by buying them up for a mere song, or participate in profitable schemes for their “reconstruction” and “reorganisation”. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Miguel de Cervantes: Sancho, that one man is no more than another, unless he does more than another. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Murray Rothbard: Now if a parent may own his child... then he may... give the child out for adoption, or he may sell the rights to the child in a voluntary contract. In short, we must face the fact that the purely free society will have a flourishing free market in children. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Melita Norwood: I did what I did not to make money but to help prevent the defeat of a new system which had, at great cost, given ordinary people food and fares which they could afford, a good education and a health service. wordsmith.social/protestation/…
Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
Alfred George Stevens
Alfred George Stevens, né le 30 décembre 1817 à Blandford Forum (Dorset), et mort le 1er mai 1875 à Londres, est un peintre et sculpteur anglais, enterré au cimetière de Highgate.
Fils d'un peintre en bâtiment, Alfred Stevens a, dans la première partie de sa carrière, réalisé quelques peintures pendant son temps libre. En 1833, le recteur de sa paroisse lui permet d'aller en Italie où il passe neuf ans à étudier à Naples, Rome, Florence, Milan et Venise. Il n'a jamais étudié dans une école anglaise. En 1841, le sculpteur Bertel Thorvaldsen l'emploie pendant un an à Rome.
Par la suite, Alfred Stevens quitte l'Italie pour l'Angleterre et, en 1845, obtient un poste dans une école de design à Londres où il est resté jusqu'en 1847. En 1850, il devient directeur artistique d'une entreprise de Sheffield spécialisée dans le bronze et le métal. En 1852, il retourne à Londres.
En 1856, Stevens concourt pour le Monument à Wellington érigé dans la cathédrale Saint-Paul de Londres. Stevens mène à bien ce projet pour 20000 livres sterling, une somme qui s'est avérée tout à fait insuffisante. Il a consacré la plus grande partie de sa carrière à ce grand monument, constamment harcelé et usé par l'ingérence du gouvernement, faute d'argent notamment. Alfred Stevens n'a pas vécu suffisamment longtemps pour voir le monument terminé.
Étant donné les nombreuses années qu'il a passé sur ce travail, Stevens n'a pas produit beaucoup d'autres sculptures.
L'un de ses élèves est Edgar Bundy.
Albert George Stevens
Albert George Stevens était un artiste anglais né en 1863 et mort en 1925.
Il était l'un des membres fondateurs du célèbre Staithes Art Club (fondé en 1901), basé dans les environs de Whitby. Il est né à Biggleswade, dans le Bedfordshire, où son père était médecin. Albert George Stevens a étudié à l'Académie d'Anvers après la mort de son père et a eu tendance à peindre principalement à l'aquarelle. Son style était impressionniste, ses sujets étaient principalement des paysages du Yorkshire dans lesquels il capturait parfois les enfants locaux jouant, le fermier menant ses moutons, des intérieurs avec des dames prenant le thé ou arrangeant des fleurs ou des tâches plus domestiques telles que l'heure de la traite des vaches.
Albert George Stevens a beaucoup exposé à la Royal Academy, à la Walker Gallery Liverpool, au Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours et à la Yorkshire Union of Artists.
Alfred Stevens
Alfred Émile Léopold Stevens, né le 11 mai 1823 à Bruxelles et mort le 24 août 1906 à Paris, était un peintre belge. Élève d'Ingres à École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Paris à partir de 1844, sa carrière a connu une ascension fulgurante tant en Belgique qu'en France où il a passé la plus grande partie de sa vie. Très introduit dans les milieux artistiques et mondains de la capitale, il était l'ami d'Édouard Manet, Berthe Morisot, Alexandre Dumas (fils) tandis que son frère, Arthur Stevens, marchand d'art installé à Paris et à Bruxelles, œuvrait pour faire connaître les peintres français. Stevens a en commun avec Manet un modèle féminin: Victorine Meurent qui pose pour Olympia.
D'abord en retrait du courant impressionniste, aimé pour ses scènes de genre dont le sujet est en majorité de jeunes élégantes, ses tableaux se vendent à des prix très élevés. Mais à partir de 1883, saisi d'un doute devant la montée de l'impressionnisme, Stevens a reconsidéré sa peinture et a réalisé des paysages impressionnistes. Pour l'Exposition universelle de 1889, il reçoit la commande d'une fresque panoramique, aujourd'hui propriété des musées des beaux arts de Bruxelles: Le Panorama du siècle.
Fils du Bruxellois Léopold Stevens (mort en 1837) ancien officier passionné de peinture et collectionneur en particulier des œuvres de Théodore Géricault et Eugène Delacroix, Alfred Stevens est le frère du peintre animalier Joseph Stevens et du marchand de tableaux Arthur Stevens (1825-1890). Il est aussi le père du peintre Léopold Stevens.
Après une formation dans l'atelier de François-Joseph Navez, il est très vite lancé à Paris où il s’est installé en 1844 sur les conseils de Camille Roqueplan, dont il a fréquenté l'atelier. Il devient l'ami d'Édouard Manet, Charles Baudelaire, Aurélien Scholl. Il a été admis à l'École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, dans l'atelier d'Ingres. À cette époque, Stevens paraît dans le registre des copistes du Louvre en tant qu'élève du peintre d'histoire Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury3. Il fréquente ensuite l'atelier du peintre de genre Florent Willems, chez qui il trouve ses premiers modèles4. Il retourne ensuite à à Bruxelles où il expose en 1851 des tableaux parmi lesquels Le Soldat blessé, première esquisse d'un genre qu'il approfondit avec des œuvres témoignant de la misère urbaine.
De retour à Paris, il présente à l'Exposition universelle de 1855 quatre tableaux : La Sieste, Le Premier jour du dévouement, La Mendiante, et aussi Les Chasseurs de Vincennes dit aussi Ce qu'on appelle le vagabondage, que Émilien de Nieuwerkerke voulait faire retirer car le sujet déconsidérait l'armée impériale, l'œuvre présentant des soldats arrêtant des vagabonds. Le tableau attira l'attention de Napoléon III, qui ordonna que les soldats ne soient plus employés à chasser les pauvres dans les rues, et que les pauvres soient transportés en voiture à la Conciergerie.
Le peintre abandonne bientôt les miséreux comme veine d'inspiration pour se consacrer aux représentations de la femme contemporaine, alternant encore avec des scènes militaires. Au Salon d'Anvers, la même année, l'artiste est décoré par le roi Léopold Ier pour son tableau Chez soi, représentant une jeune femme se chauffant. En 1858, il épouse Marie Blanc. Il a pour témoins Alexandre Dumas (fils), Eugène Delacroix et un grand nombre de personnalités des arts.
À partir de 1860, il connaît un énorme succès grâce à ses tableaux de jeunes femmes habillées à la dernière mode posant dans des intérieurs élégants, à la fois intimistes et mondains. Ceux exposés au Salon de peinture et de sculpture de 1861 lui valent un grand nombre d'admirateurs. Il présente entre autres: Tous les bonheurs ayant pour sujet une femme allaitant, huile sur toile, 116,5 × 89,5 cm, Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, à Bruxelles,Une Veuve et ses enfants, huile sur toile, 114,5 × 160,5 cm, Musées royaux, Mauvaise nouvelle, encore intitulée La Lettre de rupture, huile sur toile 745 × 54 cm conservée au musée d'Orsay, Le Bouquet surprise, Une mère, Le convalescent...
En 1862, Édouard Manet peindra dans l'atelier du peintre belge - 18, rue Taitbout - plus spacieux que le sien. L'huile sur toile Le ballet espagnol, 60,9 x 90,4 cm, est exposée à Washington (The Phillips Collection).
Le 10 mai 1863, Stevens rencontre Whistler à Londres, quelques jours après l'ouverture du Salon de peinture et de sculpture de Paris où Stevens expose plusieurs toiles; tandis que Whister présente sa Fille en blanc (Symphony in White, N°1: The White Girl) au salon des refusés, ouvert le 15 mai 1863.
Dans les années qui vont suivre, Alfred Stevens est non seulement un peintre reconnu, mais c'est aussi le plus parisien des Belges, qui va tenter avec son frère Arthur d'introduire les artistes français en Belgique. Arthur propose d'ailleurs un contrat à Edgar Degas pour 12000 francs par an, Alfred pousse Manet à envoyer un tableau au Salon des beaux arts de Bruxelles de 1869, Clair de lune sur le port de Boulogne. Dans les années 1860, Arthur Stevens est le propagandiste de l'école de Barbizon dont le succès ne se révèlera pleinement qu'à partir de 1870 avec la présence à Bruxelles d'une succursale de la Galerie Durand-Ruel.
Il rencontre Baudelaire et Eugène Delacroix, qui le cite dans son Journal du 13 mars 1855 pour le prêt d'une tunique turque. Il influence James Whistler avec qui il partage un enthousiasme pour les estampes japonaises.
Dès 1867, Alfred Stevens a triomphé à l'Exposition universelle où il a présenté 18 toiles, qui lui valent l'obtention de la médaille d'or et la promotion au grade d'officier de la Légion d'honneur, parmi lesquelles : Le Bain et L'Inde à Paris (dit aussi Le Bibelot exotique), que le critique d'art Robert de Montesquiou salue ainsi dans la Gazette des beaux-arts: «Le portrait est celui de Cachemire. Il l'a peint comme son maître Vermeer aurait fait d'une de ces cartes de géographie qu'il donnait pour fond à des femmes pensives.»
Stevens devient un ami de Bazille et un habitué du café Guerbois et du café Tortoni. Avec la vogue du japonisme, il est aussi l'un des tout premiers peintres de l'époque, avec James Tissot, James Whistler ou Édouard Manet, à s'intéresser aux objets d'Extrême-Orient qu'il trouve notamment dans le magasin de La Porte chinoise, rue Vivienne à Paris, fréquenté aussi par ses amis Charles Baudelaire et Félix Bracquemond. Parmi ses premiers tableaux japonisants on trouve La Dame en rose de 1866, suivi par Le Bibelot exotique de 1867, La collectionneuse de porcelaines en 1868, puis une série de plusieurs toiles de jeunes femmes en kimono réalisées vers 1872. Confirmé par Claude Pichois, Adolphe Tabarant révèle aussi que sous le pseudonyme de J. Graham il a donné au journal Le Figaro plusieurs chroniques vantant le talent de Manet, dont Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe qui figure au Salon des refusés.
Sa carrière encouragée par Mathilde Bonaparte et la princesse de Metternich a connu une ascension fulgurante. Mais en dépit du confort que procure la célébrité, Stevens demande à Étienne Arago, maire de Paris, l'autorisation de s'engager dans la Garde nationale pour combattre aux côtés de ses amis lors du Siège de Paris (1870). «Je suis à Paris depuis vingt ans, j'ai épousé une Parisienne, mes enfants sont nés à Paris, mon talent, si j'en ai, je le dois en grande partie à la France.»
C'est encore par l'intermédiaire d'Alfred Stevens que Manet va faire la connaissance du marchand de tableaux Paul Durand-Ruel, et de son cercle de relations : Degas, Morisot. Tout-Paris fréquente désormais l'atelier de Stevens situé d'abord au 12, rue Laval qui deviendra, le 10 juin 1885, le second cabaret du Chat Noir de Rodolphe Salis dans les locaux du peintre, et où sont jouées des pièces pour un théâtre d'ombres imaginé par Henri Rivière, puis rue des Martyrs et, à partir de 1880, rue de Calais. Goncourt qui lui rend souvent visite décrit le luxe dans lequel il vit.
À cette même époque, Stevens a créé un atelier de peinture pour femmes avenue Frochot, fréquenté par Sarah Bernhardt dont le peintre fera le portrait. Parmi les élèves les plus assidues de cette école, qui selon l'auteur belge Camille Lemonnier «avait été en son temps la plus belle école de Paris...» certaines se consacreront entièrement à la peinture et seront des artistes reconnues de leur temps comme Louise Desbordes, Alix d'Anethan, Georgette Meunier, Clémence Roth ou Berthe Art. Il faut noter que cette école de peinture pour femmes fut le seul lieu ou s'exerça à proprement dit le professorat de Stevens qui n'avait pas de collaborateurs et ne forma pas de continuateurs. Outre Sarah Bernhardt qui fut une de ses premières élèves et dont le peintre a réalisé plusieurs portraits, il est probable que certaines de ses élèves lui ont servi de modèle en même temps qu'il leur rendait hommage en les immortalisant sur la toile, telle Louise Desbordes pour le portrait en pied de la jeune artiste lyrique dans le tableau Un chant passionné ou Clémence Roth représentant la parisienne amatrice d'art vêtue de noir en allusion à son veuvage dans le tableau Dans l'atelier.
La mort de Manet, en 1883 va beaucoup l'affecter. Stevens traverse une période de doute devant l'arrivée de l'impressionnisme. Commence alors une période de recherche dans laquelle Berthe Morisot joue un rôle prépondérant.
Dans les années 1880 Stevens traverse une crise morale qui l'amène à remettre en question tout ce qu'il fait. Élève d'Ingres, souvent proche de Gustave Courbet, ou de Manet avec Ophelia. Le Bouquet effeuillé, il a peint jusque-là avec une rigueur qu'il abandonne parfois sous l'influence d'autres peintres. C'est le cas de La Jeune mère qui rappelle le style de Berthe Morisot.
Ses peintures s'arrachent, le roi des Belges Léopold II lui commande Les Quatre saisons, les Vanderbilt lui achètent des toiles au prix fort, et pourtant, vers 1883, saisi à la fois d'une grande fatigue physique et d'un doute sur son travail, Stevens part à Menton sur les conseils de son médecin. Et là, il se livre à des expérimentations: des paysages impressionnistes.
Il peint aussi des marines et des scènes côtières dans un style plus libre, presque impressionniste, proche d'Eugène Boudin ou de Johan Barthold Jongkind.
Vers la fin de sa vie, son style n’est pas sans similitude avec celui de son contemporain John Singer Sargent.
Il publie en 1886 Impressions sur la peinture, qui connaît un grand succès.
C'est, en 1900, le premier artiste vivant à obtenir une exposition individuelle à l’École des beaux-arts de Paris.
Il arrête de peindre à partir des années 1890 à la suite de problèmes de santé et il meurt au n°17 avenue Trudaine à Paris en 1906. Il est inhumé au cimetière du Père-Lachaise (32e division).
Ses tableaux ont été très populaires jusqu'en Amérique, où les tout-puissants Vanderbilt aux États-Unis en achetèrent plusieurs. La plupart restèrent cependant en France ou en Belgique.
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Quotes
- Lenin: Miraculous prophecy is a fairy-tale. But scientific prophecy is a fact.
- Noam Chomsky: See, people with power understand exactly one thing: violence.
- George Bernard Shaw: Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance.
- Henry Kissinger: Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.
- Fidel Castro: This position of the Trotskyists is the same which all newspapers and publicity agencies of Yankee imperialism adopted in relation to the cause of Comrade Ernesto Guevara. All the imperialist press of the United States, its news agencies, the Cuban counter-revolutionaries' press, the bourgeois press throughout the continent and the rest of the world - in other words, this campaign of slanders and intrigues against revolutionary Cuba in connection with the case of Comrade Guevara - coincided with precision with all imperialist bourgeois sectors, all the slanderers and all the conspirators against the Cuban revolution, for there is no doubt that only reaction and imperialism is interested in discrediting the Cuban revolution and in destroying the confidence of the revolutionary movements in the Cuban revolution, in destroying the confidence of the Latin American peoples in the Cuban revolution, in destroying their faith. Therefore, they have not hesitated to use the dirtiest and most indecent weapons.
- Fidel Castro: Even though at one time Trotskyism represented an erroneous position, but a position in the field of political ideas, Trotskyism became during the following years a vulgar instrument of imperialism and reaction.
- Fidel Castro: Yon Sosa led the movement of a group of armed officers in the crushing of whom the mercenaries who later invaded Playa Girón participated. Through a businessman who took charge of the movement's political aspects, the Fourth International fixed it up so that that leader, who was ignorant of the profound problems of politics and of the history of revolutionary thought, would permit that agents of Trotskyism, about whom we do not have the slightest doubt that he is an agent of imperialism, to publish a newspaper which copies outright the program of the Fourth International. By doing this, the Fourth International committed a real crime against the revolutionary movement to isolate it from the rest of the people, to isolate it from the masses, when it contaminated it with the stupidities, the discredit, and the repugnant thing which Trotskyism today is in the field of politics.
- Martin Luther King, Jr.: So today capitalism has out-lived its usefulness. It has brought about a system that takes necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: It is the beginning of the end.
- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord: Financiers flourish only when nations decline.
- George Friedman: The primordial interest of the United States, over which for centuries we have fought wars– the First, the Second and Cold Wars– has been the relationship between Germany and Russia, because united there, they’re the only force that could threaten us. And to make sure that that doesn’t happen.
- Lenin: Prompted by fear of revolution, the old state power, which is independent of the people and is a power over the people, promises the people that it will ensure their freedom. But its promises remain unfulfilled; they cannot be fulfilled.
- James Connolly: If you remove the English army tomorrow and hoist the green flag over Dublin Castle, unless you set about the organisation of the Socialist Republic, your efforts would be in vain.
- Lenin: There are moments in history when a desperate struggle of the masses, even for a hopeless cause, is essential for the further schooling of these masses and their training for the next struggle.
- Kim Il Sung: Our ideal is to build a society where everyone is well fed, well clothed, and lives a long life, a society where everybody is progressive and works devotedly, a society where all people live united in harmony as one big family.
- Michael Parenti: To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of the owning class have created a national security state that expends billions of dollars and enlists the efforts of vast numbers of people.
- Edward Snowden: There is nothing more grotesque than a media pushing for war.
- Lenin: Practice is higher than (theoretical) knowledge, for it has not only the dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality.
- Stalin: Only in the highest phase of communism will people, working in accordance with their capacity, receive recompense therefor in accordance with their needs: "From each according to his capacity, to each according to his needs."
- Stalin: All that Marxism declares is that until classes have been completely abolished, and until work has been transformed from being a means of maintaining existence, into a prime necessity of life, into voluntary labour performed for the benefit of society, people will continue to be paid for their labour in accordance with the amount of labour performed.
- Stalin: The October Revolution is neither the continuation nor the culmination of the Great French Revolution. The purpose of the French Revolution was to put an end to feudalism and establish capitalism. The aim of the October Revolution is to put an end to capitalism and to establish socialism.
- Lenin: We shall not achieve socialism without a struggle. But we are ready to fight, we have started it and we shall finish it with the aid of the apparatus called the Soviets.
- Gilbert Scott-Heron: The first revolution is when you change your mind.
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya: Solidarity among the male and female workers, a general cause, general goals, a general path to that goal - that is the solution to the "woman" question in the working-class environment.
- Lenin: No idea could be more erroneous or harmful than to separate foreign from home policy.
- Kim Jong-il: Introducing individualism into socialism, which is based entirely on collectivism, is tantamount to taking poison.
- Langston Hughes: Put one more S in the U.S.A. To make it Soviet.
- Lenin: There is a good Latin proverb which says: “It is natural for all men to err; but only a fool persists in his error.
- Lenin: A Marxist must take cognisance of real life, of the true facts of reality, and not cling to a theory of yesterday, which, like all theories, at best only outlines the main and the general, only comes near to embracing life in all its complexity.
- Kim Il Sung: It can be said that the life of a revolutionary begins by going among the masses and that it is over when he parts from them.
- Lenin: Deafened by liberal catch-phrases, people in our country are apt to overlook the actual class stand of the liberal party’s real bosses.
- Lenin: The proletariat’s struggle against the bourgeoisie, which finds expression in a variety of forms ever richer in content, inevitably becomes a political struggle directed towards the conquest of political power by the proletariat (“the dictatorship of the proletariat”).
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